Tag Archives: Equity

Facebook Finally Files For $5B

The long-awaited filing of Facebook was finally published yesterday. Amazing numbers, amazing success. You’ll find below the capitalization table and revenue numbers I (approximately) built form the S-1 document and you can compare it to the exercise I had done in 2010.

According to my analysis (I tried to take into account existing shares as well as options and restricted shares differently), Zuckerberg owns 20% of the company, the investors (preferred stock) about the same. IPO shares could be 5%. You can also have a look at the different rounds. And the difference is common shares (which may include investors) and employee options. Finally, I cannot comment on founders’ shares and you may have a look at the old table again.


click on table to enlarge Facebook 2012 cap. table

Revenues of $3.7B, a profit of $1B and 3’200 employees in 2011. A possible market value of $100B and an additional $5B in the bank. Google did not have such numbers. (Google had $1.4B in revenues, 2’500 employees and raised $1.2B at the IPO. It was only 6 years old though whereas Facebook is one year older. In 2005, Google had $5B in sales, $1.5B profit and 6k employees!) I had already compared both in a post in 2010: Google vs. Facebook and I have update the curves below.


click on table to enlarge

In the last 4 years, the yearly growth of Facebook has been over 80% for revenues and over 50% for the number of employees. I might be over-optimistic by saying that the average employee stock value is $4M (because of investor ownership of these shares too). The cap. table which follows shows numbers as guessed in 2010 and published in a post entitled The Social Network, when the movie was released.


click on table to enlarge Facebook 2012 cap. table

click on table to enlarge

New IPO filings (AVG Technologies) and new start-ups stats

I noticed at least 4 IPO filings this month, not bad. These are Audience, Infoblox, Millennial Media and most important to me as a European citizen, AVG Technologies. European filings in the USA are sufficiently rare to be noticed, and this time the company has Czech origins. After discussing AVG, I will show you an update of my start-ups data coming from these filings.

AVG did not experience the typical start-up process. Indeed the founders sold their shares to a private equity group in 2001, ten years after the incorporation. The investors then grew the company and attracted new investors including Intel Capital, TA Associates as well as a Polish fund. You may know about AVG, I am using it as a free anti-virus but I did not know it was a European start-up…


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The revenue growth is quite impressive as you can see in the cap. table (about $150M in 2010 from $100M in 2008). I found a 2000 presentation where the founder gave the facts and figures for 1996-2000. Then the revenues were respectively 17M and 55M Czech Korunas. One Krona was about €0.03, which means in the €0.5-1.5M. Not a bad growth at all. Why did the founders sell, I do not know and I am not even sure what they do today. They do not seem to be role models in Brno. Tomas Hofer seems to be active in another start-up however. If someone has more information on the founders, please comment or contact me.


Tomas Hofer

You can visualize the other cap. tables in my full data document. I do not have much to say about them, but I have updated my stats in the tables which follow, including new data on the amount of VC money raised. I also did a new classification in addition to geography and fields: years of incorporation.


Click on picture to access full pdf data

Another French start-up going public!

They may not be that many, but it is at least the 3rd French start-up going public in 2011, after Sequans and Envivio. Whereas these two ones went public on Nasdaq and NYSE, Mauna Kea Technologies went public in August on Paris Euronext. I did not anything about MKT until recently but I looked at their IPO prospectus.

A nice entrepreneurial story. Two founders, apparently friends before high school, launched MKT in 2000. Benjamin Abrat (MBA, a few years with Givaudan) and Sacha Loiseau (Ecole Polytechnique, PhD in astrophysics and a postdoc at Caltech) are the typical young entrepreneurs with not so much experience but probably a lot of mutual trust.

Not so common, in France at least, is the funding history:
– a seed round of €1.6M with the renowned French business angels: Marc Vasseur (Genset), Jérôme Chailloux (Ilog), Jean-Luc Nahon (Isdnet), Christophe Bach (Isdnet), Patrice Giami (Isdnet), Philippe Maes (Gemplus) and Daniel Legal (Gemplus)
– a 1st round in 2004, €5M
– a 2nd round in 2007, €20M
with a €50M IPO this year. here is my usual format for the equity history and structure.


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In an interview (in French), Sacha Loiseau gives his views on what French PhDs are lacking:
What do you think of the PhD training ?
S. L. : It brings autonomy and initiative, two important qualities for fundamental or applied research. However, the French system does not cover other important topics, which are essential to the business world: the customer, teamwork, market intelligence, intellectual property and technology transfer, as well as mastering the English language. The strong point is that, facing tough problems, PhD students learn how to find a solution, often alone. This is a great asset for companies which must always innovate, but it may not favor teamwork, openness to the world… Many PhD students, I think, are isolated and do not know what their competitors do.”

More data on IPO and founders.

Following a recent post on the age of founders, I just did a more systematic analysis on the topic and at the same time analyzed more elements on the cap. table of many companies. I had 47 companies in my previous post. Here I just have 100!

The two tables give the founders’ age, the number of years from foundation to IPO and the founders’ remaining equity at IPO by field and geography.

Now if you want to have a look at the full record, just click on the next picture, you will get a 107-page pdf with all data. But please be aware of some of the following difficulties. All this is best effort! The cap. tables are subject to mistakes and comparisons are tough to make. For example:
– Founders do not always share equally the initial stake.
– There is no real definition of founders but the group of people who recognize themselves as such.
– ESOP reserved for future grants is a quite artificial part of the overall picture.
– When age was not available, a indirect measure was to consider a BS is obtained at age 22.
– Directors include independant directors only, not the investors.
– Finally not all companies went public, some were acquired and some filed but did not go public (yet)

Is there anything worth noticing? Well Biotech/Medtech founders are the oldest whereas SW and Internet entrepreneurs are the youngest. Surprising? Not really, but remember, these are not statistically valid data, this is just a compilation…

IPO again: Carbonite is the new star

I just discovered about Carbonite, one of the companies in The 17 Most Important IPOs To Watch For In 2011. Storage and backup are clearly hot fields in 2011 (just have a look at Fusion-io for example). In the 1st link I just mentioned above, Carbonite is described this way:

Carbonite, the online storage backup for consumers and businesses, has raised roughly $67 million in various venture rounds, while its sales have doubled each year since its launch in 2006. The company claims to have backed up some 80 billion files, with more than 150 million new files backed up daily. It also claims to have restored more than 7.2 billion files that would have been otherwise lost forever. Inc. Magazine placed it as #9 on its Inc. 500 list for 2010 of the 500 fastest growing private companies. With “the cloud” remaining a hot topic and with its annual basic plan starting at less than $55.00 a year, Carbonite should have a solid reception when it comes to market.

So I digged the IPO S-1 document and looked at the company with my usual interest. Cap. table. founders, investors, ESOP. The 2 foudners has 7-8% each pre-IPO, investors 60% and employess the remaining 25%. What might be a little scary though is the lack of profitability. Here it is.

The S-1 also gives the list of selling shareholders.

But following a few exchanges of comments on a recent post, Is There A Peak Age for Entrepreneurship?, I looked at something else, the founders and their age. Here is what the prospectus gives:

David Friend (63) has served as our chief executive officer and as a member of our board of directors since he co-founded our company with Mr. Flowers in February 2005. Mr. Friend also served as our president from February 2005 to September 2007 and again since August 2010. Prior to starting our company, Mr. Friend co-founded with Mr. Flowers and served as chief executive officer and president of Sonexis, Inc., a software company providing audio-conferencing services, from March 1999 through March 2002 and served as a director of Sonexis from March 1999 through August 2004. From June 1995 through December 1999, Mr. Friend co-founded with Mr. Flowers and served as chief executive officer and as a director of FaxNet Corporation, a supplier of messaging services to the telecommunications industry. Prior to that time, Mr. Friend co-founded Pilot Software, Inc., a software company, with Mr. Flowers. Previously, Mr. Friend founded Computer Pictures Corporation, a software company whose products applied computer graphics to business data, and served as president of ARP Instruments, Inc., an audio hardware manufacturer. Mr. Friend served as a director of GEAC Computer Corporation Ltd., a publicly-traded enterprise software company, from October 2001 to October 2006, and currently serves as a director of CyraCom International, Inc., Marketplace Technologies, Inc. and DealDash Oy. Mr. Friend holds a B.S. in Engineering from Yale University. We believe that Mr. Friend is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his historic knowledge of our company as one of its founders, the continuity he provides on our board of directors, his strategic vision for our company and his background in internet and software companies.

Jeffry Flowers (57) has served as our chief architect since April 2011, as a member of our board of directors since he co-founded our company with Mr. Friend in February 2005, and as our chief technology officer from February 2005 to March 2011. Mr. Flowers co-founded with Mr. Friend and served as chief technical officer of Sonexis, Inc., a software company providing audio-conferencing services, from March 1999 through March 2002 and served as a director of Sonexis from March 1999 through August 2004. Prior to that time, Mr. Flowers co-founded with Mr. Friend and served as chief technology officer and as a director of FaxNet Corporation, a supplier of messaging services to the telecommunications industry, and co-founded Pilot Software, Inc., a software company, with Mr. Friend. Mr. Flowers served as VP of Development at ON Technology Corporation, a publicly-traded software vendor, from June 1994 through February 1996. Mr. Flowers holds an M.S. and a B.S. in Information and Computer Science from Georgia Institute of Technology. We believe that Mr. Flowers is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his historic knowledge of our company as one of its founders, the continuity he provides on our board of directors, his strategic vision for our technology, and his background in internet and software companies.

Doing simple math (so maybe not very accurate, this would give the following table)

Founder Friend Flowers
Born in 1948 1954
Company Founded at age Founded at age
Sonexis in 1998 50 44
Faxnet in 1994 46 40
Computer Pict. in 1982 34

So it shows that the founders are not young, not even middle-age. They are serial entrepreneurs and probably close friends given the facts they have co-founded 3 companies together and were definitely not in their twenties when they did it. In my next post today, I will come back on the topic.

You can still go public as a web1.0 company: Homeaway and Kayak

I just had lunch with a friend-entrepreneur and we were looking at the big high tech winners.

– the 60’s was the decade of the Semiconductor and gave Intel,
– the 70’s was the PC/SW, with Apple and Microsoft,
– the 80’s was the Network with Cisco,
– the 90’s was the Internet with Google,
– the 00’s will probably be the Web2.0 and remember Facebook.
Of course, there is more from Fairchild to Oracle, 3com, Yahoo, eBay and Amazon.

Now what about the 10’s? For me it is not clear, I do not beleive enough in green/clean-tech but I see the smart management of data and apps, with the Cloud. But no clue on who would be the decade winner.

Now you can still go public as a web2.0 company has I mentioned in my post The Z IPOs: Zynga, Zillow, Zipcar and … Zuckerberg. But even better you can go public as web1.0 company. here are just two examples, Homeaway and Kayak. So I give you my usual cap. tables and a few comments.

Homeaway went public on July 5 and the stock is doing great. Once again you can see the ownherships of founders, managers, investors, independant directors. What is obviously carzy again is that the company raised $400M and has no profit yet. But this helps be to understand why Index supports HouseTrip, a company in the field, out of Lausanne and now based in London.


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Next is Kayak. A travel company. Can you believe you can still have new companies in the field? Well this is the proof. Similar comments: check the equity of various players such as founders, managers, directors and investors. A lot of money invested but at least profitable. This one reminds me of another very nice Swiss start-up that deserves much more visivilty: routeRank. (I have no personal interest in routeRank neither in HouseTrip!).


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The Z IPOs: Zynga, Zillow, Zipcar and … Zuckerberg

I do not why 2011 saw three IPOs with companies beginning with Z. I thought that beginning with an A was what mattered (Apple, Amazon, not to say @Home). Maybe this is the Zuckerberg effect!

So I looked at the cap. tables of these three companies. Zipcar went public earlier this year, Zillow today and Zynga filed earlier this month. Zuckerberg might wait until 2011 though. They do not have that much in common, except they are all Internet companies with nice revenues (but not always a profit) and a lot of venture capital too. Zynga being apparently the current star, I begin with it. Of coure the price per share is a guess, as the company is not public yet, it just recently filed at the SEC.


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As the fund raising included sales of existing shares, the following data is also of interest. But I still have to admit there are missing pieces in all this and it might still be a little confusing (in comparison to previous tables, sorry!) Zynga has only one founder, Mark Pincus (check his Wikipedia profile). As with Zillow (and Google in the past), founders have shares of a special class which usually guarantee more voting right.


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Zynga has raised $850M, had about $600M in revenues and a profit of $90M in 2010. Nice! KP and IVP are the two famous VCs and Union Square is the new emerging player (Twitter, FourSquare, Etsy). As a sidenote, Fred Wilson is a partner and has a great blog, avc.com. Reid Hoffman was the seed investor (co-founder of LinkedIn, former VP at Paypal, investor in more than 80 start-ups).

Next is Zillow. Again the 2 founders (with about an equal amount of shares) have also special voting shares. The company is a little older but has raised less cash ($80M), has smaller revenues and not a profit yet. Another element of interest is the equity that independant directors own (you also have this in the Zynga and Zipcar tables). Zillow changed its price again up from $18 uin my table to $20.


(Click on image to enlarge)

And finally Zipcar. Again two founders, but not much info on them as they are not active anymore. A lot of money raised, good revenues but no profit. Much older (11 years old). Benchmark again is a VC (just as in Zillow).


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A word of conclusion: Zynga will be the big winner if it goes public at the mentioned valuation until Zuckerberg goes out (you can still have a look at my “tentative” Facebook equity table).

When Wavecom was surfing

I just published a post on the French version of my blog about Wavecom, one of the European success stories. This is coming again from my reading of old Red Herring articles. You can at least check there the RH scan as well as my typical cap. tables. I do there something unusual, I also give the cap. table at the secondary which followed the IPO one year later. The secondary is an important event (even if lesser known than an IPO) where shareholders can find some liquidity. Just check here.

Going public when you are not a US start-up – part 5/4: India

As my stupid “part 5/4” shows, I had not planned to add two other non-US companies, this time with Indian roots (to my previous 4 posts on Europe and China). I am currently reading The Startup Game by Bill Draper. It is a very interesting book by one of the most famous Silicon Valley venture capitalists and I will write soon a post on what I liked (as soon as I am finished with reading it).

Bill Draper founded a fund specialized in Indian start-ups in the mid-90s. He was not the first VC to leave the USA (some had done it in Europe in the 60s and 70s) but he was probably the first one to be succesful with such a venture.

Rediff and Selectica went public in 2000, both were founded in 1996. They are very similar to US start-ups, indeed Selectica was founded as a California start-up. Rediff is stranger as it is an Indian company and because it was not (and is not yet) profitable, it is still private in India.

Here is Rediff Cap. Table when it went public

and here is Selectica’s:

As a short conclusion, Bill Draper certainly had higher hopes for both companies which individual revenues were less than $50M in the last 3 years. There is no doubt that being an overseas company is not optimal both for customers and perception by investors…

Going public when you are not a US start-up – part 4/4: Baidu

Baidu ends my small series of non-US start-ups. What is interesting is that there are some anecdotal differences. At least for the European ones, it was not an easy adventure with many tough financing rounds. Alibaba was not totally clear. Now Baidu…

As a first word of conclusion, the value creation of the two Asian companies is much larger than the European ones. It might be linked to the fields (Transmode and Envivio are more in the high-tech infrastructure, where as the two Chinese companies are internet services). It might also be the perception of different dynamics in both continents…

Baidu was founded by two Chinese citizens, Robin Yanhong Li and Eric Yong Xu. Li “went to SUNY-Buffalo in the US to study computer science towards a Doctoral degree. He received his Master of Science degree in 1994 after he had decided to discontinue his PhD program work” (Wikipedia). Xu “received his Ph.D. degree from Texas A&M University, post-doctorate from University of California at Berkeley, and his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Biology from Beijing University. Dr. Xu was also a candidate of the Stanford University Sloan Masters program”. (Bio on Bioveda Fund website).

Baidu is quoted on Nasdaq. Is there a link between the background of the founders and/or the fact they have investors such as Draper, IDG and Google? (Remember that Alibaba has Yahoo as a major shareholder – even if the relationship was quite tensed recently).

PS: I may come with a fifth story soon, an Indian startup quoted on Nasdaq I read about just yesterday…